Static analysis refers to the process of analyzing a binary without running it.
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strings BIN [-n MINLEN]: print strings in binary -
checksec BIN: (pwntools) show basic info & security features of binary -
readelf BIN: show ELF info -
hexdump -C BIN: hex dump -
objdump -d BIN: disassembler -
objdump -x BIN: show program headers (e.g. section permissions), section headers