Hard bop, also called East Coast jazz, was a jazz genre that came as a reaction to cool jazz.
Hallmarks and Contributions to Jazz
- dark, warm timbre (as opposed to the lighter timbre of cool jazz)
- gospel/soul influence
- bluesy & passionate
- strong backbeat (e.g. “Moanin’“‘s bridge)
- press roll before climax
Musicians
- Art Blakey: drummer, bandleader
- Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers
- Sonny Rollins: tenor saxophonist
- ”St Thomas” Calypso (Afro-Caribbean influence)
- Thelonius Monk: pianist, bandleader
- John Coltrane